控制論的研究對象是系統(tǒng)，它對于進(jìn)一步考察系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的組織、控制和調(diào)節(jié)的功能是不可缺少的。信息是組織系統(tǒng)的一個重要特征，它使系統(tǒng)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)自我調(diào)節(jié)，是系統(tǒng)之間，系統(tǒng)與環(huán)境之間聯(lián)系的主要方式。系統(tǒng)、信息、控制不可分離.     我們知道，一般系統(tǒng)有三大要素：物質(zhì)、能量和信息。對控制系統(tǒng)而言，信息是重要的，信息與控制是不可分的，系統(tǒng)中任何信息的傳遞、交換和處理都是為了系統(tǒng)的控制，而控制正是控制論系統(tǒng)的主要目的。所以，從某種意義上說，控制系統(tǒng)一定是一個信息系統(tǒng)。     實(shí)際上，控制論中的系統(tǒng)常常是一個很復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，施控系統(tǒng)和受控系統(tǒng)都有許多子系統(tǒng)組成，而且常常不能明顯地區(qū)分。例如一個企業(yè)可看作一個復(fù)雜的控制系統(tǒng)，廠長施控于各部門負(fù)責(zé)人，而各負(fù)責(zé)人又施控于其下屬，┅，直到每個工人施控于各機(jī)床設(shè)備，以及各具體的車刀、主軸、馬達(dá)、油泵等等。     所以，控制論思想不但可以廣泛應(yīng)用于軍事、航天航空、化工生產(chǎn)等裝備和生產(chǎn)線的控制，也可對人文、社會等方面的管理控制帶來積極的指導(dǎo)作用。The research object of cybernetics is system, which is indispensable to further study the organization, control and regulation functions within the system. Information is an important feature of an organizational system. It enables the system to achieve self-regulation and is the main way to connect systems and the environment. System, information and control cannot be separated We know that the general system has three elements: matter, energy and information. For the control system, information is the most important, and information and control are inseparable. The transmission, exchange and processing of any information in the system are for the control of the system, and control is the main purpose of the cybernetic system. Therefore, in a sense, the control system must be an information system. In fact, the system in cybernetics is often a very complex system. The control system and the controlled system are composed of many subsystems, and they are often not clearly distinguished. For example, an enterprise can be regarded as a complex control system. The factory director controls the heads of various departments, and the heads of various departments control their subordinates until each worker controls the machine tools and equipment, as well as the specific turning tools, spindles, motors, oil pumps, etc. Therefore, cybernetics can not only be widely used in the control of military, aerospace, chemical production and other equipment and production lines, but also play a positive guiding role in the management and control of humanities, society and other aspects.