工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)（ICS）是一個(gè)通用術(shù)語，涵蓋多種類型的控制系統(tǒng)，包括監(jiān)控和數(shù)據(jù)采集（SCADA）系統(tǒng)，分布式控制系統(tǒng)（DCS），和其他較小的控制系統(tǒng)配置，如經(jīng)常在工業(yè)部門和關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中用到的防滑安裝的可編程邏輯控制器（PLC）。ICS通常使用于電力，水利，石油和天然氣，化學(xué)，運(yùn)輸，制藥，紙漿，食品和飲料以及離散制造（例如，汽車，航空和耐用品）和造紙等行業(yè)?？刂葡到y(tǒng)對(duì)于經(jīng)常高度重視的美國關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要互連和相互依賴的系統(tǒng)。重要的是要注意，大約90％的國家的關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是私人擁有和經(jīng)營。聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)也經(jīng)營許多的上述工業(yè)流程；其他例子包括空中交通管制和材料處理（例如，郵政服務(wù)郵件處理）本節(jié)提供了SCADA，DCS和PLC系統(tǒng)，包括典型的架構(gòu)和組件。SCADA／DCS和PLC的概述
SCADA系統(tǒng)是高分布式系統(tǒng)，經(jīng)常用于控制地理上分散的資產(chǎn)，分散在數(shù)千平方公里，其中集中的數(shù)據(jù)采集和控制至關(guān)重要到系統(tǒng)操作。它們用于配水系統(tǒng)，如配水和廢水收集系統(tǒng)，油氣管道，電網(wǎng)和鐵路運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)。
一個(gè)SCADA控制中心長期對(duì)現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行集中監(jiān)控通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，包括監(jiān)控報(bào)警和處理狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)?；谛畔倪h(yuǎn)程站接收到的，可以將自動(dòng)化或操作者驅(qū)動(dòng)的監(jiān)控命令推送到遠(yuǎn)程站控制設(shè)備，通常被稱為現(xiàn)場設(shè)備?，F(xiàn)場設(shè)備控制本地諸如打開和關(guān)閉閥門和斷路器的操作，從傳感器系統(tǒng)收集數(shù)據(jù)，以及監(jiān)控當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的報(bào)警條件。8-3NA11



Industrial control system (ICS) is a general term that covers many types of control systems, including supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, distributed control systems (DCS), and other smaller control system configurations, such as skid mounted programmable logic controllers (PLCs), which are often used in industrial sectors and key infrastructure. ICs is commonly used in power, water conservancy, oil and gas, chemistry, transportation, pharmaceuticals, pulp, food and beverage, as well as discrete manufacturing (such as automotive, aerospace and durable goods) and papermaking industries. The control system is an interconnected and interdependent system that is critical to the operation of critical infrastructure in the United States, which is often highly valued. It is important to note that about 90 per cent of countries' critical infrastructure is privately owned and operated. Federal agencies also operate many of the above industrial processes; Other examples include air traffic control and material processing (e.g., postal service mail processing). This section provides SCADA, DCS and PLC systems, including typical architectures and components. Overview of SCADA / DCS and PLC
SCADA system is a highly distributed system, which is often used to control geographically dispersed assets, scattered in thousands of square kilometers, in which centralized data acquisition and control is crucial to system operation. They are used in water distribution systems, such as water distribution and wastewater collection systems, oil and gas pipelines, power grids and railway transportation systems.
A SCADA control center has a long-term centralized monitoring communication network on the site, including monitoring alarms and processing status data. Based on the information received from the remote station, automatic or operator driven monitoring commands can be pushed to the remote station control equipment, which is usually called field equipment. Field devices control local operations such as opening and closing valves and circuit breakers, collect data from sensor systems, and monitor alarm conditions in the local environment. 8-3NA11